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Animal Bone

Two boxes of animal bone were assessed. The material covers both phases of the site's occupation, the Nunnery Phase and the College Phase, and the main aim of the evaluation was to judge whether differences in living standards could be determined from the bone fragments.

The Nunnery-phased material consists of approximately 3 kilograms of animal bone while that of the College Phase is substantially more (9 kg). It should be noted that 1.5 kilograms of the Nunnery assemblage consists of the partial skeletons of a young pig and her three piglets (foetal). In general, the preservation was reasonable, and recovery techniques had permitted the retrieval of some very small fragments of bone including bird, fish and rat remains. Dog gnawing was observed on a minimal amount of bone.

The identifiable fraction of the Nunnery bone is 70 fragments and that of the College Phase, 683. However, the small nature of the Nunnery assemblage precludes further in-depth analysis, indeed many of the fragments belonged to oxo (large mammal, cow/horse/red deer) and sma (medium-sized mammal, sheep/goat/roe deer pig/) categories.
The partial pig skeleton had not reached two years of age and her three piglets were all foetal.

Showing that both meat-bearing (crudely denoted by bold type) and non-meat-bearing bone occurs for cattle, sheep/goat and pig, it would appear that live animals were brought in or kept at the College, and slaughtered on site.

Since pig bones, by virtue of their shape, can be recognised from very small fragments, it is highly likely that the sma component of the assemblage is sheep/goat and it is very noticeable that this taxa is much more fragmented than the cattle bones. The oxo fraction is most likely reflecting cattle, since horse and red deer were only represented by one metapodial fragment and two metatarsal bones respectively. This aspect would repay further study in conjunction with an in depth analysis of the butchery marks. Incidentally, several cattle and sheep /goat vertebrae had been split sagittally and also a sheep cranium had been cleaved in half in order to extract the brains.

While further analysis would establish the relative importance of the main domesticates, the impression gained from this evaluation is that mutton formed an important part of the college diet together with beef, with some contribution of pork and variation in the diet being provided by duck, wood pigeon, chicken, goose, red deer and fish, with perhaps the occasional rabbit or hare.

Both the Nunnery and College animal bone assemblages are unique in the archaeological record. Unfortunately, the Nunnery sample is too small to be useful at the analytical stage. However, the quality of such material has been established b y the excavation, a n d it is recommended that at the earliest opportunity, n o time should b e lost obtaining further samples.

The College Phase assemblage is also important because very few post-Medieval assemblages have been analysed and published. The material is very well preserved and, as stated above, an analysis of the butchery is desirable. It would be advisable to undertake this in conjunction with other assemblages of similar date, which are i n the same geographical area.

JCPP/Bronowski/Bronowski/10/2/11/2 · File · 28 September 1971-25 November 1971
Part of Personal Papers

Comprises approved minutes of a meeting of the first meeting of the committee (6 Oct 1971) and a memorandum from Frederic de Hoffman about the committee being formed.

Animal Quarters
JCPP/Bronowski/Bronowski/10/2/11/3 · File · 1966
Part of Personal Papers

Comprises a report, procedures and memoranda about animal quarters at the Salk Institute, with a floor plan of the interim animal facilities.

"Ankara"
JCPP/Bronowski/Bronowski/6/3/2/8 · File · c. 1970
Part of Personal Papers

Comprises research notes and photocopies of articles on subjects including Ankara museum artefacts, early agriculture, wheat, pre-classical archaeology in Turkey, central Anatolia and the site of Çatal Hüyük.

"Anna Wierzbicka"
JCPP/Bronowski/Bronowski/10/5/1/32 · File · 26 July 1967-22 January 1968
Part of Personal Papers

Comprises correspondence between Bronowski and Wierzbicka (Instytut Badan Literackich PAN, Warsaw, Poland) about an offer (declined) for Wierzbicka to take up a research role at the Salk Institute, working with Bronowski and Roman Jakobson on the origin of human language.

Also includes a copy of a letter to Roman Jakobson from Bronowski about Wierzbicka declining the offer.

JCPP/Bronowski/Bronowski/1/5/3 · File · November 1928-November 1929
Part of Personal Papers

Consists of editions of a literary magazine edited by Bronowski and Hugh Sykes, annotated with 'B' on the front covers. Poems by Bronowski are annotated in issues 2-4.